﻿{"id":612727,"date":"2025-06-14T05:39:09","date_gmt":"2025-06-14T12:39:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/news\/?p=612727"},"modified":"2025-06-14T05:39:09","modified_gmt":"2025-06-14T12:39:09","slug":"the-art-of-the-relay-start-analyzing-swimmings-volatile-variable","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/news\/the-art-of-the-relay-start-analyzing-swimmings-volatile-variable\/","title":{"rendered":"The Art of the Relay Start: Analyzing Swimming&#8217;s Volatile Variable"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>The Art of the Relay Start: Analyzing Swimming&#8217;s Volatile Variable<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bruce Hayes at the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles. Jason Lezak at the 2008 Olympics in Beijing. Many of swimming\u2019s most captivating moments have come on relays, in tight races decided by fractions of seconds. Any slight error could have flipped the results, changing history forever. But these swimmers controlled multiple variables in their races and ultimately produced iconic outcomes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Perhaps the hardest variable to control in a relay is the relay start. It\u2019s the only piece of the race where the swimmer is co-dependent on a teammate, with a well-timed exchange essential for a great swim. Here\u2019s a look at what makes a great relay start.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Low Center of Gravity<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Young swimmers often find themselves confused by the differences between a relay and traditional start. To be fair, the starts have a lot of similarities. One defining factor of the relay start makes them critically different. The relay start begins with a person standing before they initiate the dive, rather than in the crouched position of a traditional start. This setup makes it more difficult for swimmers to enter into the \u201cstreamline\u201d position of the dive, the key to smoothly gliding into the water.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So how do the world\u2019s best make entering the \u201cstreamline\u201d look so easy? The answer is actually quite simple. Swimmers with the best relay starts are able to find a \u201clow center of gravity,\u201d and transition from standing into an athletic stance before entering the water.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A great example can be seen on the second leg of the men\u2019s 400 freestyle relay at last year\u2019s Olympic Games. Watch<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/youtube.com\/clip\/Ugkx7aEUGu_rH0itzs_G6CzS8jIamAD_eC1U?si=MhdDWZeL1ADyDobw\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Chris Guiliano\u2019s<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> start, as he begins from a low position before rocketing right into perfect streamline. Guiliano\u2019s competitor from China on the other hand, Ji Xinjie, begins his start from a much more upright position, leading to a dive at an awkward angle. Giuliano takes the lead from Ji purely off the start. Finding that perfect low angle can ensure you\u2019re in the perfect position for a great start.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>The Arm Swing<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Just like swimmers must work to replicate the \u201clow angle\u201d of a traditional start during a relay start, they also face the challenge of replicating the start\u2019s use of the arms. In a traditional start, swimmers use the momentum from gripping and pushing off the block with both arms to form a streamline. However, in a relay start, this momentum is generated through an arm swing. Swimmers form their streamline through the momentum created in bringing the arms forward. What seems like a simple motion can make or break a start.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The best arm swings are quick and purposeful, setting up a tight streamline. Swimmers accomplish this in a variety of ways. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some swing their arms all the way around<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, while others<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0simply bring them from their waist to streamline, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The length of the arm swing doesn\u2019t matter, as long as it leads to a quick transition into streamline. A great arm swing delivers the ideal setup for a great swim, the base behind a seamless entrance into the water.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=b5Iz74Yedp0&amp;t=16s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Caeleb Dressel Relay Start<\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong>The Step<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Swimming has evolved over time, from underwater enhancements to the way each stroke is conducted. One of the more-recent innovations is the step-over start, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/news\/where-did-the-step-over-relay-starts-originate\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">popularized between 2012 and 2014 with the addition of the \u201cwedge\u201d to the block<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This type of start has expanded across the sport in recent years.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong>One Step<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are two ways to do the step-over start, the most common being one big step. Swimmers position one foot behind the block, the other angled on top of the \u201cwedge.\u201d The swimmer then propels himself\/herself forward with one big step, pushing off like a traditional start.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The key to this start is making sure you are set up in a position to generate power, even after shifting your body weight. A great start involves generating as much power as possible from that front leg, by ensuring it reaches a bent, lunging position. Watch as<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/youtube.com\/clip\/UgkxVKLYjhdIMyejFT4tbYt_PDk6S3e0dazt?si=XgpWg01mEuLsoBsw\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Gretchen Walsh<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> shifts weight into her front foot during the women\u2019s 400 medley relay at the 2024 Olympic Games, allowing her to jump out horizontally and power past her competitors.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Two Step<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The other way to conduct the step-over start is a method that has gained popularity recently: the two-step start. This approach involves the swimmer starting with both feet behind the block, taking two full steps before catapulting off the block. The \u201ccenter of gravity\u201d becomes even more difficult here, as the swimmer must stay low while taking TWO steps instead of one. But done correctly, this can be the fastest start in swimming.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hungary\u2019s Minna Abraham <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/youtube.com\/clip\/Ugkx6gvmFrQUN4WgyopZjDSNl9l8FRPcSlIY?si=2rmAg1g7rTPwjDrt\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">provides a perfect example here<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as she anchors the women\u2019s 800 free relay at the 2024 World Championships. Abraham keeps her \u201ccenter\u201d with two quick, low steps, giving her the momentum to cleanly push off.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong>No Step<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The extra step creates more momentum leading into the start than the previous, stationary start, making it seemingly the quickest option. But many great swimmers, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/youtube.com\/shorts\/ptIXQFpVRKU?si=KlH3gEVxsJo3SyrN\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">including Olympian Torri Huske<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, have done fine without it.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Huske skips the step, going straight into a perfect relay start with a 0.0 reaction time. It should be emphasized that Huske\u2019s timing is impeccable, making it more advantageous for her to try this type of start, even if the \u201cstep-over\u201d creates more potential energy.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Huske\u2019s start sends a message: relay starts are different for every swimmer, and each provides its own benefits. It\u2019s important to consult with your coach on what\u2019s best for you individually.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Art of the Relay Start: Analyzing Swimming&#8217;s Volatile Variable Bruce Hayes at the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles. Jason Lezak at the 2008 Olympics in Beijing. Many of<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":146625,"featured_media":594270,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"dois","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[17],"tags":[136184],"class_list":["post-612727","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-commentary","tag-relay-starts"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ 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