{"id":475099,"date":"2021-06-05T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-06-05T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/news\/?p=475099"},"modified":"2021-06-05T12:27:58","modified_gmt":"2021-06-05T19:27:58","slug":"swimming-world-presents-swimming-technique-concepts-maximizing-swimming-velocity-part-2-stroke-cycle-phase","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/news\/swimming-world-presents-swimming-technique-concepts-maximizing-swimming-velocity-part-2-stroke-cycle-phase\/","title":{"rendered":"Swimming World Presents – Swimming Technique Concepts: Maximizing Swimming Velocity Part 2 – Stroke Cycle Phase"},"content":{"rendered":"

The latest issue of Swimming World Magazine<\/em><\/span>
\nis now available for download in the<\/span> Swimming World Vault<\/span><\/strong><\/a>!<\/p>\n

Non-Subscribers Can Download This Issue Here<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Maximizing Swimming Velocity Part 2 – Stroke Cycle Phase<\/span><\/h1>\n

By Rod Havriluk<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

As explained in Part 1 of this series (SW May 2021<\/a>), stroke rate and stroke length typically vary inversely. When a swimmer increases stroke rate, he\/she usually decreases stroke length. When a swimmer increases stroke length, he\/she usually decreases stroke rate.<\/p>\n

The previous article also explained the relationship of stroke time (the time for an arm to complete a stroke cycle) to both stroke rate and stroke length. This article identifies the component phases of stroke time and potential changes to improve performance.<\/p>\n

\"Swimming

FIG. 1 > Swimming velocity is the product of stroke length and stroke rate, which are both related to stroke time. The four phases of stroke time are entry, pull, push and recovery.<\/p><\/div>\n

STROKE TIME<\/span><\/strong>
\nThe inverse relationship between stroke length and stroke rate is primarily because both variables are directly related to<\/p>\n

the time for each stroke cycle (stroke time), as shown in Fig. 1. A decrease in stroke time increases stroke rate, while an increase in stroke time increases stroke length. This makes it a challenge to optimize stroke time for the fastest swimming velocity.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

STROKE TIME PHASES<\/span><\/strong>
\nStrategies to optimize stroke time become apparent from analysis of the component phases. Each stroke cycle includes two propulsive phases (pull and push) and two non-propulsive phases (entry and recovery), also shown in Fig. 1. The four phases of the freestyle stroke cycle were previously defined (Chollet, Chalies & Chatard, 2000):<\/p>\n

\u2022 Entry: from when the hand enters the water until the beginning of backward hand motion
\n\u2022 Pull: from the beginning of backward hand motion until the hand passes beneath the vertical plane of the shoulder
\n\u2022 Push: from when the hand passes beneath the vertical plane of the shoulder until the hand\u2019s release from the water
\n\u2022 Recovery: from the hand\u2019s release from the water until it enters the water
\nAlthough the stroke cycle phases were originally developed for freestyle, they also apply to butterfly and backstroke. Similarly, the breaststroke cycle has four phases with two propulsive (outward and inward sculling motions) and two non-propulsive (recovery and glide) components.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

STROKE TIME DECREASE <\/span><\/strong>WITH SWIMMING VELOCITY INCREASE<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Swimming

FIG. 2 > The graphs show the decrease in the duration of all four stroke phases with an increase in swimming velocity for all four strokes.<\/p><\/div>\n

Numerous studies show similar changes in the duration of each stroke phase with an increase in swimming velocity. For example, elite male swimmers increased swimming velocity on a series of swims from distance to sprint pace in all four strokes. The results are shown in Fig. 2 for butterfly (Chollet, Seifert, Boulesteix, Carter, 2006), backstroke (Chollet, Seifert, Carter, 2008), breaststroke (Leblanc, Seifert, Baudry & Chollet, 2005) and freestyle (Seifert, Chollet & Bardy, 2004).<\/p>\n

To swim faster, swimmers naturally move their arms faster. Consequently, there is a decrease in the time duration for each of the four phases for all strokes from distance to sprint pace.<\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

To read more about swimming velocity and stroke cycle phases, including sprint pace,<\/span>
\nClick here to download the full June 2021 Issue of Swimming World<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Dr. Rod Havriluk is a sport scientist and consultant who specializes in swimming technique instruction and analysis. His newest ebooks in the \u201cApproaching Perfect Swimming\u201d series are \u201cOptimal Stroke Technique\u201d and \u201cSwimming Without Pain,\u201d and are available at swimmingtechnology.com<\/a>. Contact Rod through info@swimmingtechnology.com<\/a>. All scientific documentation relating to this article, including scientific principles, studies and research papers, can be provided upon demand.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"Swimming<\/a>
\n[PHOTO CREDIT: TAYLOR BRIEN]<\/p>\n


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Non-Subscribers can click here to download this issue for only $5.94<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/h2>\n

<\/h1>\n

Swimming World June 2021 Issue<\/span><\/h1>\n

FEATURES<\/p>\n

12 | U.S. OLYMPIC TRIALS PREVIEW<\/strong><\/span>
\nby David Rieder<\/strong>
\nThe fastest swimmers in the United States will be putting their hopes and dreams on the line at the U.S. Olympic Team Trials-Swimming, June 13-20, in Omaha, Neb. If realized, they\u2019ll have the opportunity to perform next month on the world\u2019s grandest stage: the Olympic Games in Tokyo.<\/p>\n

22 | A NATURAL LEADER<\/strong><\/span>
\nby John Lohn<\/strong>
\nStill producing elite-level performances, Nathan Adrian, now 32 and pursuing his fourth Olympic Games, has the opportunity to further his already lofty reputation. And whenever his days in the sport come to an end, Adrian will be viewed for his excellence in the sport as an athlete, teammate and ambassador.<\/p>\n

25 | NJCAA CHAMPIONSHIPS: QUALITY & QUANTITY<\/strong><\/span>
\nby Andy Ross<\/strong>
\nThat\u2019s the same winning formula that Indian River\u2019s men\u2019s and women\u2019s swimming and diving teams have been using for nearly a half-century at the NJCAA Championships. The Pioneer men now have won 47 straight team titles; the women, 39\u2014and 43 of the past 47.<\/p>\n

26 | TAKEOFF TO TOKYO: A FORGOTTEN STAR<\/strong><\/span>
\nby John Lohn<\/strong>
\nBy all measures, Don Schollander is a legend in the sport, a Hall of Fame talent who was unrivaled in his heyday. Yet, his impact has been lost to a combination of unfortunate timing and modern-day fascination.<\/p>\n

29 | DOMINANCE AND PARITY ON DISPLAY IN TOKYO<\/strong><\/span>
\nby Dan D\u2019Addona<\/strong>
\nWhile the U.S. women have dominated international water polo since 2015\u2014winning their second straight Olympics in 2016 plus three World Championships in 2015-17-19\u2014a different men\u2019s champion has emerged at each of the last three major international competitions\u2014Serbia (2016 Olympics), Croatia (2017 Worlds) and Italy (2019 Worlds).<\/p>\n

30 | ISHOF: REMEMBERING THE KALILI BROTHERS\u201490 YEARS AGO<\/strong><\/span>
\nby Bruce Wigo<\/strong>
\nAs kids who preferred to dive for coins rather than race in a swimming pool, brothers Maiola and Manuella Kalili from Hawaii would eventually become national champions and Olympic silver medalists in 1932.<\/p>\n

33 | NUTRITION: HOW MANY CALORIES SHOULD I EAT?<\/strong><\/span>
\nby Dawn Weatherwax<\/strong>
\nAs long course, Olympics and endurance events get underway, a common question is: \u201cHow much do I need to eat?\u201d This is a loaded question\u2014one in which the author will try to simplify.<\/p>\n

35 | MENTAL PREP: BEFORE THE BEEP WITH AMY BILQUIST<\/strong><\/span>
\nby Shoshanna Rutemiller<\/strong><\/p>\n

COACHING<\/p>\n

38 | SWIMMING TECHNIQUE CONCEPTS: MAXIMIZING SWIMMING VELOCITY (Part 2)\u2014STROKE CYCLE PHASES<\/strong><\/span>
\nby Rod Havriluk<\/strong>
\nSwimmers typically decrease non-propulsive time to decrease stroke time, increase stroke rate and swim faster. Research shows that a further decrease in the non-propulsive time is possible and should produce further performance improvement.<\/p>\n

40 | A COACHES\u2019 GUIDE TO ENERGY SYSTEMS<\/strong><\/span>
\nby Michael J. Stott<\/strong>
\nIn the first of two parts, Swimming World explores the concept of energy systems and how coaches can use them to maximize athlete development and performance.<\/p>\n

42 | SPECIAL SETS: KATIE LEDECKY\u2014RUN-UP TO RIO 2016<\/strong><\/span>
\nby Michael J. Stott<\/strong>
\nWith this month\u2019s Olympic Swimming Trials now upon us, Swimming World takes a back-to-the-future approach to revisit some training done by superstar Katie Ledecky prior to the 2016 U.S. team qualifying meet.<\/p>\n

44 | Q&A WITH COACH CATHERINE KASE<\/strong><\/span>
\nby Michael J. Stott<\/strong><\/p>\n

45 | HOW THEY TRAIN HALEY ANDERSON<\/strong><\/span>
\nby Michael J. Stott<\/strong><\/p>\n

TRAINING<\/p>\n

037 | DRYSIDE TRAINING: TRAINING AMY BILQUIST<\/strong><\/span>
\nby J.R. Rosania<\/strong><\/p>\n

JUNIOR SWIMMER<\/p>\n

47 | UP & COMERS: KEELAN COTTER<\/strong><\/span>
\nby Shoshanna Rutemiller<\/strong><\/p>\n

COLUMNS<\/p>\n

08 | A VOICE FOR THE SPORT<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

11 | DID YOU KNOW: ABOUT BUSTER CRABBE?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

48 | GUTTERTALK<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

49 | PARTING SHOT<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n