﻿{"id":461257,"date":"2021-02-04T04:00:10","date_gmt":"2021-02-04T11:00:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/news\/?p=461257"},"modified":"2021-02-04T15:32:55","modified_gmt":"2021-02-04T22:32:55","slug":"swimming-world-presents-tarnished-gold-east-germanys-kristin-otto-sponsored-by-s-r-smith","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/news\/swimming-world-presents-tarnished-gold-east-germanys-kristin-otto-sponsored-by-s-r-smith\/","title":{"rendered":"Swimming World Presents -Tarnished Gold: East Germany&#8217;s Kristin Otto &#8211; Sponsored By S.R. Smith"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Swimming World Presents -Tarnished Gold: East Germany&#8217;s Kristin Otto &#8211; Sponsored By S.R. Smith<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The latest issue of <em>Swimming World Magazine<\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">is now available for download in the<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/vault\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Swimming World Vault<\/span><\/strong><\/a>!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/news\/product\/swimming-world-magazine-february-2021-issue-pdf-only\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-auth=\"NotApplicable\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Non-Subscribers Can Download This Issue Here<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #de4010;\">Tarnished Gold: East Germany&#8217;s Kristin Otto <\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #de4010;\">By John Lohn<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Sponsored By<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.srsmith.com\/startwithvelocity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"461259\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/news\/swimming-world-presents-tarnished-gold-east-germanys-kristin-otto-sponsored-by-s-r-smith\/s-r-smith-logo\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/vmrw8k5h.tinifycdn.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/S.R.-Smith-logo.png\" data-orig-size=\"511,99\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"S.R. Smith logo\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;S.R. Smith logo&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/vmrw8k5h.tinifycdn.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/S.R.-Smith-logo.png\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/vmrw8k5h.tinifycdn.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/S.R.-Smith-logo.png\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-461259 \" src=\"https:\/\/vmrw8k5h.tinifycdn.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/S.R.-Smith-logo.png\" alt=\"S.R. Smith logo\" width=\"413\" height=\"80\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vmrw8k5h.tinifycdn.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/S.R.-Smith-logo.png 511w, https:\/\/vmrw8k5h.tinifycdn.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/S.R.-Smith-logo-280x54.png 280w, https:\/\/vmrw8k5h.tinifycdn.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/S.R.-Smith-logo-300x58.png 300w, https:\/\/vmrw8k5h.tinifycdn.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/S.R.-Smith-logo-450x87.png 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 413px) 100vw, 413px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>East Germany\u2019s Kristin Otto will long be remembered as a highly decorated athlete, and for turning in one of the greatest Olympic outings in history, winning six gold medals at the 1988 Games. But because of the links to her and performance-enhancing drugs, what she accomplished\u2014before and in Seoul\u2014will always be tainted.<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The image is iconic in Olympic lore. As he crossed the finish line, index finger pointing to the sky, Canadian Ben Johnson was the most-celebrated athlete on the planet. He had just won the 1988 Olympic title in the 100-meter dash, his winning time of 9.79 almost impossible to grasp. How could a human run that fast? It was a legitimate question, and one asked with significant skepticism.<\/p>\n<p>An answer arrived within days, and the Seoul Games fell under a tent of controversy. Johnson, in what was an unsurprising revelation to those who raced against him, had tested positive for the use of an anabolic steroid, and was stripped of his gold medal. Journalists, who were hardly stunned by the news they would chase, immediately worked to cover the story of Johnson\u2019s doping violation, while Johnson boarded a flight out of South Korea.<\/p>\n<p>The news of Johnson\u2019s positive test coincided with the last days of the swimming competition, where two storylines stood out. Among the men, Matt Biondi\u2019s march to seven medals\u2014including five gold, a silver and a bronze\u2014drew comparisons to what Mark Spitz achieved at the 1972 Olympics in Munich. Although Biondi did not match Spitz\u2019s perfection, he became just the second swimmer to tally seven medals in a single Games.<\/p>\n<p>In women\u2019s action, East Germany\u2019s Kristin Otto occupied the spotlight, and headlined her nation\u2019s dominant showing by setting an Olympic standard for individual success. During the eight-day meet, Otto was perfect, her four individual triumphs complemented by a pair of relay victories. If the program had included a women\u2019s 800 freestyle relay, as the men\u2019s schedule did, she almost certainly would have equaled Spitz\u2019s iconic effort from 16 years earlier. Still, her six gold medals set a record for female success at the Olympic Games, a standard that has not been equaled.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #de4010;\">SUSPICIONS FOLLOWED<\/span><br \/>\nBut like Johnson, suspicions followed Otto, who was pegged at a young age to attend one of East Germany\u2019s prestigious sports schools. From the early 1970s through the late 1980s, East Germany was the dominant country in the pool, destroying the opposition at the European Championships, World Championships and Olympic Games&#8230;and all other competitions in between. Even without official proof in the form of positive doping tests, there was little doubt unethical practices were at play.<\/p>\n<p>During the first years of the 1970s, the German Democratic Republic was a modest factor on the global stage. Yet, by the 1973 World Championships, they became a superpower, and that status would remain for the next decade-and-a-half. How did such an ascension take place? It wasn\u2019t difficult to recognize the reason: Fingers pointed to chemistry.<\/p>\n<p>Not only was East Germany\u2019s sudden and widespread success enough to activate prolonged skepticism, so were the physical characteristics of the athletes: abnormal musculature, deep voices, acne-covered skin. It was also said that the country\u2019s systematic-doping program was so specific, that athletes were monitored prior to competition and removed from action if there was the slightest possibility they would test positive for a performance-enhancing substance.<\/p>\n<p>Otto was used to the allegations levied against her and her teammates.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI have never knowingly taken any banned substances,\u201d Otto said. \u201cI have no knowledge of ever having taken something to help my performance.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>There is a key word in Otto\u2019s statement: knowingly. Throughout the duration of East Germany\u2019s doping program, the teenage girls who were used as pharmaceutical guinea pigs and pin cushions simply did as they were told. Swallow this pill. Take this injection. Follow this workout. And&#8230;do not ask questions.<\/p>\n<p>Kornelia Ender did not question the system. Neither did Barbara Krause. Petra Thumer followed the directives that were prescribed. Petra Schneider was obedient, too. And because these women could not say no\u2014or have their careers instantly washed away\u2014they set dozens of world records and enjoyed vast international success.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #de4010;\">A MAJOR FORCE<\/span><br \/>\nThe same could be said for Otto. After being identified as a future star, it did not take long for her to emerge as a major force. As a 16-year-old at the 1982 World Championships, she notched her first international success, capturing three gold medals, highlighted by a solo title in the 100 backstroke. The next year\u2019s European Championships brought three more medals, but the opportunity to shine on the biggest sporting stage was delayed.<\/p>\n<p>In retaliation for the United States-led boycott of the 1980 Olympic Games in Moscow, 14 Eastern Bloc countries decided to skip the 1984 Games in Los Angeles. Leading this charge were the Soviet Union and East Germany, and the decision meant Otto had to wait an additional four years to etch her name in Olympic history.<\/p>\n<p>Although 1984 was a loss for Otto on the Olympic front, she made the most of the campaign by setting a world record in the 200 meter freestyle and winning five medals at the Friendship Games, a replacement meet for the Olympics that provided boycotting nations the chance to experience some level of competition. In 1985, though, Otto was out of the pool for most of the year, sidelined by an injury that left her in a neck brace for nine months.<\/p>\n<p>However, by the 1986 World Championships in Madrid, Otto had regained her pre-injury form and set the foundation for two years in the future\u2014the 1988 Games in Seoul. At the World Champs, Otto collected six medals, four of them gold, with individual titles earned in the 100 freestyle and 200 individual medley. Her triumph in the 100 free arrived in world-record time, and the mark endured as the global standard for more than five years.<\/p>\n<p>A year later, Otto was just as superb, as revealed in the five-gold exhibition at the European Championships that included solo wins in the 100 freestyle, 100 backstroke and 100 butterfly. There was no doubt she was prepared to make her Olympic debut, and her ability to win international titles in a variety of events received considerable acclaim.<\/p>\n<p>Wolfgang Richter, East Germany\u2019s head coach in Seoul, admired Otto\u2019s mental approach, especially in the face of great pressure to excel: \u201cShe\u2019s the best because she works harder than the rest,\u201d Richter said. \u201cShe\u2019s tough (in the mind). She cannot stand to lose.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #de4010;\">SUCCESS IN SEOUL<\/span><br \/>\nHer long Olympic wait over, Otto immediately shined in Seoul. In the first event of the meet, she won the 100 freestyle by more than a half-second. That win was followed by decisive victories in the 100 backstroke and as a member of the East German 400 freestyle relay. The last three days of action produced one gold medal per day, with wins in the 100 butterfly and 50 freestyle sandwiching her contribution on the victorious 400 medley relay.<\/p>\n<p>In a flash, Otto possessed six gold medals in as many events. There were no world records\u2014which was a slight surprise\u2014but Otto was an individual winner in three different strokes, an effort that prompted five-time United States Olympic coach Don Gambril to compare her to American legend Tracy Caulkins. It was an odd comparison for a U.S. coach to make, considering how Team USA\u2014particularly Shirley Babashoff\u2014had long questioned the legitimacy of East Germany\u2019s success.<\/p>\n<p>Otto simply took the end of her Olympiad in stride, noting that she had exceeded expectations and would fondly look back at the week. When asked about her involvement with doping, she pointed to the fact that she had never tested positive and was one of the most-tested athletes in the world.<\/p>\n<p>Personally, I never gave much thought to this because it would have been too much of a burden if you think of a gold in every event,\u201d Otto said. \u201cI\u2019m 22, and that is not so young anymore in this sport, so I have a very difficult decision to make (concerning retirement). I\u2019m sure we will be very popular (back home). People will stop us in the street. But I\u2019m also sure this will not change my life.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Upon reflection, Otto spurned retirement for a year after Seoul. In what proved to be the bow on her international career, she won four medals at the 1989 European Championships, including a gold in the 100 backstroke. She followed her competitive days by pursuing a journalism degree and has been a longtime television journalist in Germany.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #de4010;\">SECRETS REVEALED<\/span><br \/>\nWhat Otto has not been able to avoid in retirement are links between her and performance-enhancing drugs. Upon the fall of the Berlin Wall in the early 1990s, a plethora of East German secrets were revealed, among them the details of the country\u2019s systematic-doping program, known formally as State Plan 14:25.<\/p>\n<p>In documents recovered from the Stasi, the East German secret police, Otto\u2019s name was listed among those supplied with anabolic steroids. Even when presented with this evidence, Otto denied her knowledge of the process. Yet, others have copped to the program of which they were a part, including Rica Reinisch, a three-time gold medalist at the 1980 Olympics in Moscow. In addition to admitting that she was supplied performance-enhancing drugs by her coaches and East German medical personnel, Reinisch has criticized Otto for not admitting the obvious, and what had been documented.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen she claims she cleaned up in Seoul without taking anything, then I can only say she didn\u2019t win six golds by drinking buttermilk,\u201d Reinisch once said.<\/p>\n<p>A 1993 inductee to the International Swimming Hall of Fame, Otto\u2019s exhibit now includes a doping disclaimer. The same disclaimer is attached to the displays of Ender, Krause, Thumer and Ulrike Richter, among others. It reads: \u201cIn a German court of law, after this swimmer was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame, team officials confessed to administering performance-enhancing drugs to this swimmer, who, therefore, obtained an illegal and unfair advantage over other athletes.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #de4010;\">FOREVER CONNECTED TO DOPING<\/span><br \/>\nIn this age of enhanced depth, the notion of another female athlete matching Kristin Otto\u2019s accomplishment and winning six Olympic gold medals\u2014four of them individually\u2014is unlikely. When Michael Phelps won his eight gold medals in Beijing, he relied on two miracles to keep perfection alive.<\/p>\n<p>And the questions surrounding Otto remain: How much did steroids aid her? What could she have achieved through only her natural talent? These are questions that will never be answered. Instead, she\u2019ll be forever connected to doping. More, her Seoul link with Johnson will keep the two inseparable. The difference? He was caught. She got away.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI\u2019ve been facing (doping questions) for years,\u201d Otto once said. \u201cIt is nothing new for me. Unfortunately, I can no longer rule (doping) out. However, I cannot imagine it because I was one of the most checked athletes in the world at the time.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Doubt, however, will always linger.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><br \/>\n<a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/issues\/2020\/swimming-world-magazine-december-2020-issue-pdf-only\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Want more? Click here to download the full February 2021 issue of Swimming World now<\/a><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/issues\/2020\/swimming-world-magazine-november-2020-issue-pdf-only\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">!<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/issues\/2021\/swimming-world-magazine-february-2021-issue-pdf-only\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"460828\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/news\/swimming-world-february-2021-emma-mckeon-perseverance-and-hard-work-pay-off-for-the-aussie-superstar\/sw-february-2012-emma-mckeon-cover\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/vmrw8k5h.tinifycdn.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/SW-February-2012-Emma-McKeon-COVER.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"800,1070\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"SW February 2012 &#8211; Emma McKeon COVER\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;SW February 2012 &#8211; Emma McKeon COVER&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/vmrw8k5h.tinifycdn.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/SW-February-2012-Emma-McKeon-COVER-700x500.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/vmrw8k5h.tinifycdn.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/SW-February-2012-Emma-McKeon-COVER-766x1024.jpg\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-460828 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/vmrw8k5h.tinifycdn.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/SW-February-2012-Emma-McKeon-COVER.jpg\" alt=\"SW February 2012 - Emma McKeon COVER\" width=\"800\" height=\"1070\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vmrw8k5h.tinifycdn.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/SW-February-2012-Emma-McKeon-COVER.jpg 800w, https:\/\/vmrw8k5h.tinifycdn.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/SW-February-2012-Emma-McKeon-COVER-766x1024.jpg 766w, https:\/\/vmrw8k5h.tinifycdn.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/SW-February-2012-Emma-McKeon-COVER-150x200.jpg 150w, https:\/\/vmrw8k5h.tinifycdn.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/SW-February-2012-Emma-McKeon-COVER-300x401.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vmrw8k5h.tinifycdn.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/SW-February-2012-Emma-McKeon-COVER-450x602.jpg 450w, https:\/\/vmrw8k5h.tinifycdn.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/SW-February-2012-Emma-McKeon-COVER-673x900.jpg 673w, https:\/\/vmrw8k5h.tinifycdn.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/SW-February-2012-Emma-McKeon-COVER-245x327.jpg 245w, https:\/\/vmrw8k5h.tinifycdn.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/SW-February-2012-Emma-McKeon-COVER-533x713.jpg 533w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a>[PHOTO BY DELLY CARR, SWIMMING AUSTRALIA]<\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Get <em>Swimming World Magazine<\/em> and <em>Swimming World Biweekly<\/em> FREE When You<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/join\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?hl=en&amp;q=https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/news\/product-category\/ishof-membership\/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1522345712821000&amp;usg=AFQjCNGfwbLD2OaI21g28efcR0DZZlQSOQ\"><em>Become A Member of the International Swimming Hall of Fame<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/news\/product\/30-day-digital-membership-to-ishof-with-swimming-world-subscription-download-current-swimming-world-biweekly-and-technique\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">New! 30 Day Membership to ISHOF <em>AND<\/em> Digital Swimming World Subscription for just $10 a month!<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/news\/product\/1-year-ishof-family-membership-with-swimming-world-print-and-digital-subscription-perfect-gift\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Want more? Get a 1 Year ISHOF Family Membership With Swimming World Print <em>AND<\/em> Digital Subscription<\/span><i><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Order Now!<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/h3>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/news\/product\/swimming-world-magazine-february-2021-issue-pdf-only\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-auth=\"NotApplicable\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Non-Subscribers can click here to download this issue for only <strong>$5.94<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/h2>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #de4010;\">Swimming World Magazine February 2021 Issue<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>FEATURES<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #de4010;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #bf380f;\">012<\/span> THE PRIDE OF GIRLS\u2019 POLO IN THE GATEWAY CITY<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong>by Michael Randazzo<\/strong><br \/>\nWhen COVID-19 lockdowns last spring stopped polo, Rob Peglar and Abby VerMeer didn\u2019t hesitate: they focused on getting girls water polo untracked in the Gateway City. The result: the St. Louis Lions, the city\u2019s first all-girls team.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #de4010;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #bf380f;\">014<\/span> ALL FOR ONE AND ONE FOR ALL<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong>by Dan D\u2019Addona<\/strong><br \/>\nThe popular motto of The Musketeers, built on supporting each other as well as the group, is just one of many reasons why the University of Texas remains among the strongest in men\u2019s college swimming and diving.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #de4010;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #bf380f;\">020<\/span> READY FOR A BREAKTHROUGH<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong>by Andy Ross<\/strong><br \/>\nMelanie Margalis is an Olympic relay gold medalist and a three-time relay champion at Worlds, but a podium finish in an individual event has eluded her on the world\u2019s biggest stage. After ranking No. 1 in the 400 IM and No. 3 in the shorter medley for 2020, her turn to win a medal for the United States could take place this year in Tokyo.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #de4010;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #bf380f;\">022<\/span> PERSEVERANCE AND HARD\u00a0 WORK PAY OFF<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong>by David Rieder<\/strong><br \/>\nAfter not qualifying for Australia\u2019s Olympic team in 2012, Emma McKeon was ready to quit&#8230;but over the next several months, she had a change of heart and understood what was necessary to compete at a higher level. Since then, she has become a significant international force, a consistent podium presence and one of the world\u2019s most impactful relay swimmers.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #de4010;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #bf380f;\">026<\/span> TAKEOFF TO TOKYO:\u00a0TARNISHED GOLD<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong>by John Lohn<\/strong><br \/>\nEast Germany\u2019s Kristin Otto will long be remembered as a highly decorated athlete, and for turning in one of the greatest Olympic outings in history, winning six gold medals at the 1988 Games. But because of the links to her and performance-enhancing drugs, what she accomplished\u2014before and in Seoul\u2014will always be tainted.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #de4010;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #bf380f;\">029<\/span> WHO \u201cSHOT\u201d THE\u00a0SWIMMERS? (Part 2)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong>by Bruce Wigo<\/strong><br \/>\nShortly after the 1936 Olympics in a lab in Boston, Harold \u201cDoc\u201d Edgerton, an electrical engineering professor at MIT, began tinkering with equipment that would change the way science explains natural phenomena\u2014and with it, the art of aquatic sports photography\u2014forever.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #de4010;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #bf380f;\">032<\/span> NUTRITION: TO BE THE BEST, YOU NEED TO EAT THE BEST!<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong>by Dawn Weatherwax<\/strong><br \/>\nEach year really does build onto another\u2014nutrition is an imperative part of the process, even at an early age.<\/p>\n<p>COACHING<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #de4010;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #bf380f;\">016<\/span> SELLING PROCESS TO\u00a0SWIMMERS (Part 2)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong>by Michael J. Stott<\/strong><br \/>\nIn 1993, psychologist Anders Ericsson wrote that greatness wasn\u2019t born, but grown. Fifteen years later, author Malcolm Gladwell suggested that it takes roughly 10,000 hours of practice to achieve mastery in a skill or field. Known by the term, \u201cprocess,\u201d swim coaches use that learning curve to improve the performance of their swimmers.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #de4010;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #bf380f;\">036<\/span> SWIMMING TECHNIQUE CONCEPTS: FREESTYLE TECHNIQUE FOR SPRINT AND DISTANCE (Part 2)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong>by Rod Havriluk<\/strong><br \/>\nOptimal freestyle technique for sprint and distance is identical with respect to the arm motion throughout the stroke cycle, but the arm coordination is different. While a swimmer can swim a wide range of velocities with opposition coordination, a swimmer will only achieve his\/her fastest velocity with superposition coordination.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #de4010;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #bf380f;\">040<\/span> SPECIAL SETS: TRAINING THE PROFESSIONAL ATHLETE\u2014THEN AND NOW<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong>by Michael J. Stott<\/strong><br \/>\nIn his lengthy career, Gregg Troy has mentored athletes of all ages and abilities, which has given him a unique perspective of how to prepare post-college grads for excellence at the international level.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #de4010;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #bf380f;\">042<\/span> Q&amp;A WITH COACH JOE PLANE<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong>by Michael J. Stott<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #de4010;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #bf380f;\">044<\/span> HOW THEY TRAIN ANDREW IVERSON<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong>by Michael J. Stott<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>TRAINING<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #de4010;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #bf380f;\">035<\/span> DRYSIDE TRAINING: TIME TO GET STRONG&#8230;AGAIN!<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong>by J.R. Rosania<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>JUNIOR SWIMMER<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #de4010;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #bf380f;\">038<\/span> GOLDMINDS: JUST GO WITH THE FLOW<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong>by Wayne Goldsmith<\/strong><br \/>\nHow can you control\u2014and even master\u2014your emotions? The answer is by learning to become a more resilient swimmer. Here\u2019s how&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #de4010;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #bf380f;\">046<\/span> UP &amp; COMERS: RICHARD POPLAWSKI<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong>by Shoshanna Rutemiller<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>COLUMNS<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #de4010;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #bf380f;\">010<\/span> A VOICE FOR THE SPORT<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #de4010;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #bf380f;\">011<\/span> DID YOU KNOW:\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #de4010;\"><strong>ABOUT FREDERICK LANE?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #de4010;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #bf380f;\">047<\/span>\u00a0 GUTTERTALK<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #de4010;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #bf380f;\">049<\/span> PARTING SHOT<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Swimming World is now partnered with the International Swimming Hall of Fame. To find out more, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ishof.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">visit us at ishof.org<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Swimming World Presents -Tarnished Gold: East Germany&#8217;s Kristin Otto &#8211; Sponsored By S.R. Smith The latest issue of Swimming World Magazine is now available for download in the Swimming World<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5977,"featured_media":461258,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"dois","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[3,16],"tags":[68449,25381,723,1469,126926,54417,113978],"class_list":["post-461257","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-featured","category-swimming-world-magazine","tag-1980-moscow-olympics","tag-doping","tag-east-germany","tag-kristin-otto","tag-swimming-world-february-2021","tag-swimming-world-magazine","tag-takeoff-to-tokyo"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\r\n<title>Tarnished Gold: East Germany&#039;s Kristin Otto - Sponsored By S.R. 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