﻿{"id":437745,"date":"2020-07-02T06:43:08","date_gmt":"2020-07-02T13:43:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/news\/?p=437745"},"modified":"2024-10-28T11:26:33","modified_gmt":"2024-10-28T18:26:33","slug":"a-look-at-early-u-s-olympic-trials-development","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/news\/a-look-at-early-u-s-olympic-trials-development\/","title":{"rendered":"A Look at Early U.S. Olympic Trials Development"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2020, we\u2019re missing out on one of the fastest and most exciting meets in the sport of swimming: The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usaswimming.org\/trials\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>U.S. Olympic Trials<\/strong><\/a>.\u00a0 The history of this meet reveals an interesting progression of events as they were included in the Olympics, and gives insight into the history of the sport of swimming. \u00a0Looking into the trials in the early 1900s unveils the development of new strokes, a broader program and faster times. A comparison of the Olympic Trials of 1920, 1936 and 1956 indicates significant growth, from organizational and competitive\u00a0 standpoints.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The first U.S. Olympic Trials were held in 1920, and in a split format. The men competed in Lincoln Park Lagoon in Chicago, Illinois, while the women raced in Manhattan Beach, New York. The women only had two individual events, both freestyle, while the men had six individual events that included freestyle, backstroke and breaststroke. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/news\/ethelda-bleibtreys-pioneering-world-record-100-years-ago-this-day\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Ethelda Bleibtrey<\/strong><\/a> not only performed well at these Trials, she went on to win Olympic gold in each of her events at the 1920 Olympics in Antwerp.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>1920 Event Winners<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3><strong>Women<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>100 freestyle:<\/strong> Ethelda Bleibtrey (time not listed in results)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>300 freestyle:<\/strong> Ethelda Bleibtrey (4:34.2)<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Men<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>100 freestyle:<\/strong> Duke Kahanamoku (55.0)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>400 freestyle:<\/strong> Ludy Langer (5:22.0)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>1500 freestyle:<\/strong> E.T. Bolden (25:26.0)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>100 backstroke:<\/strong> Ray Kegeris (1:22.6)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>200 breaststroke:<\/strong> Lt. M.J. McDermott (3:14.0)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>400 breaststroke:<\/strong> G.A. Taylor (7:00.4)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sixteen years later, in 1936, the Trials were still held separately by gender, with the men in Providence, Rhode Island, and the women in Long Island, New York. The only difference in events by gender was the addition of the 1500 meter freestyle to the men\u2019s list of events.\u00a0 The 2020 (2021) Olympics are set to have a women\u2019s 1500 meter freestyle for the first time, with the men adding an 800 freestyle and the programs fully matching. The 1936 Trials had heats and finals for every event, except the 1500. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition to athletic development, times were a lot faster at Trials due in part to new silk suits introduced by Speedo that had seen widespread use leading up to and at this meet. The racing suit for women was the first of its kind that exposed the shoulder blades, and was meant to fit the exact body shape of the swimmer. Meanwhile, men were allowed to wear bare-chest suits for the first time.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>1936 Event Winners<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3><strong>Women<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>100 freestyle:<\/strong> Katherine Rawls (1:11.1)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>400 freestyle:<\/strong> Lenore Kight Wingard (5:36.9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>100 backstroke:<\/strong> Eleanor Holm Jarret (1:19.3)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>200 breaststroke:<\/strong> Dorothy Schiller (3:14.9)<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Men<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>100 freestyle:<\/strong> Arthur Highland (58.8)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>400 freestyle:<\/strong> Ralph D. Flanagan (4:47.8)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>1500 freestyle:<\/strong> Ralph D. Flanagan (19:37.8)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>100 backstroke:<\/strong> Adolph Kiefer (1:07.5)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>200 breaststroke:<\/strong> John H. Higgins (2:44.1)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The 1956 Trials featured an increase in the number of events from 1936, as butterfly was contested separately from breaststroke for the first time. When swimmers began to realize that bringing both arms out of the water for recovery in breaststroke would be faster, it was deemed illegal. However, the move led to the formation of the butterfly stroke. Times continued to drop, partially due to how Speedo began using nylon in 1956, giving the suits a more lightweight and elastic feel.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>1956 Event Winners<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3><strong>Women<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>100 freestyle:<\/strong> Nancy Simmons (1:05.1)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>400 freestyle:<\/strong> Sylvia Ruuska (5:10.0)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>100 butterfly:<\/strong> Shelley Mann (1:12.3)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>100 backstroke:<\/strong> Carin Cone (1:15.0)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>200 breaststroke:<\/strong> Mary Jane Sears (2:58.6)<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Men<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>100 meter freestyle:<\/strong> William Woolsey (57.0)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>200 meter freestyle:<\/strong> Ford Konno (2:10.6)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>400 meter freestyle:<\/strong> George Breen (4:33.1)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>1500 meter freestyle:<\/strong> George Breen (18:13.7)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>100 meter backstroke:<\/strong> Yoshi Oyakawa (1:05.2)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>200 meter breaststroke:<\/strong> Robert Hughes (2:44.4)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>200 meter butterfly:<\/strong> William Yorzyk (2:19.0)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A lot has changed since the first half of the 1900s. Swimmers wear newly developed racing suits, meant to repel water and allow for higher efficiency within the stroke. Backstrokers do not have to touch the wall for turns while on their back and breaststrokers are allowed a dolphin kick off the start and turns. As a reference point for how the top times at Trials have changed, here are some results from the 2016 meet.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>2016 Event Winners<\/strong> (Only events from 1956, for comparison)<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3><strong>Women<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>100 freestyle:<\/strong> Abbey Weitzeil (53.28)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>400 freestyle:<\/strong> Katie Ledecky (3:58.98)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>100 butterfly:<\/strong> Kelsi Worrell (56.48)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>100 backstroke:<\/strong> Olivia Smoliga (59.02)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>200 breaststroke:<\/strong> Lilly King (2:24.08)<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Men<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>100 freestyle:<\/strong> Nathan Adrian (47.72)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>200 freestyle:<\/strong> Townley Haas (1:45.66)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>400 freestyle:<\/strong> Connor Jaeger (3:43.79)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>1500 freestyle:<\/strong> Connor Jaeger (14:47.61)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>100 backstroke:<\/strong> Ryan Murphy (52.26)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>200 breaststroke:<\/strong> Josh Prenot (2:07.17)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>200 butterfly:<\/strong> Michael Phelps (1:54.84)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reflecting on the U.S. Olympic Trials from the early and mid 1900s shows abundant growth in the sport. More efficient technique and improved equipment, such as caps, goggles, and special racing suits, have generated significantly faster times. In addition, the development of different events shows a more equal competition for both men and women.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Next year, the top swimmers in this country will make more history, and an extra year of anticipation has made us, as spectators, more excited to watch.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In 2020, we\u2019re missing out on one of the fastest and most exciting meets in the sport of swimming: The U.S. Olympic Trials.\u00a0 The history of this meet reveals an<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9526,"featured_media":438383,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"dois","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[122077,17,16,7],"tags":[62469,42883],"class_list":["post-437745","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-americas","category-commentary","category-swimming-world-magazine","category-usa","tag-ethelda-bleibtrey","tag-olympic-trials"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the 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