{"id":372244,"date":"2019-06-06T13:00:03","date_gmt":"2019-06-06T20:00:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/news\/?p=372244"},"modified":"2019-06-05T12:24:28","modified_gmt":"2019-06-05T19:24:28","slug":"butterfly-then-and-now-a-history","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/news\/butterfly-then-and-now-a-history\/","title":{"rendered":"The History of Butterfly: Then and Now"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>By Proteeti Sinha, Swimming World College Intern.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Some swimmers say that if the worst pain you&#8217;ve ever experienced is a broken heart, then you haven&#8217;t swum a 200 fly.<\/p>\n<p>The \u00adbutterfly is typically considered to be the most challenging of all four strokes \u2013 it demands endurance, skill and synchronicity. Contrary to popular belief, the peak speed reached in butterfly is actually faster than freestyle. The double arm pulling action has great propulsive potential, and when combined with the downbeat of the kick, is faster than the single-arm pull in freestyle.<\/p>\n<p>Spanning over two decades, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/news\/the-butterfly-a-complex-history-for-a-complex-stroke\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the story of how butterfly came to be<\/a> involves three things that at first glance do not appear to be related: a fish, the Manhattan Project and arthritis.<\/p>\n<h3>In the Beginning<\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_195665\" style=\"width: 710px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-195665\" data-attachment-id=\"195665\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/news\/sa-national-aquatic-championshipsolympic-trials-160\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/vmrw8k5h.tinifycdn.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/chad-le-clos-2016-rsa-3-2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2388,1600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;5.6&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Anesh Debiky\\\/Swim SA&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon EOS 7D Mark II&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA - APRIL 15: Chad le Clos during the finals session 100m butterfly  semi final on day 6 of the SA National Aquatic Championships and Olympic Trials  on April 15 , 2016  at the Kings Park Aquatic Center pool in Durban, South Africa. \\nPhoto Credit \\\/ Anesh Debiky\\\/Swim SA&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1460753127&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;Anesh Debiky\\\/Swim SA&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;229&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;5000&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.001&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;SA National Aquatic Championships\\\/Olympic Trials&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"SA National Aquatic Championships\/Olympic Trials\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA &#8211; APRIL 15: Chad le Clos during the finals session 100m butterfly semi final on day 6 of the SA National Aquatic Championships and Olympic Trials on April 15 , 2016 at the Kings Park Aquatic Center pool in Durban, South Africa. Photo Credit \/ Anesh Debiky\/Swim SA swim, swimming, durban, sa nationals, olympic trials, 2016, south africa, heats, finals, kings park, pool, trials, rio olympics, qualifiers&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Photo Courtesy: Anesh Debiky\/Swimming South Africa&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/vmrw8k5h.tinifycdn.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/chad-le-clos-2016-rsa-3-2-700x500.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/vmrw8k5h.tinifycdn.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/chad-le-clos-2016-rsa-3-2-1024x686.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-195665\" src=\"https:\/\/vmrw8k5h.tinifycdn.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/chad-le-clos-2016-rsa-3-2-700x500.jpg\" alt=\"DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA - APRIL 15: Chad le Clos during the finals session 100m butterfly semi final on day 6 of the SA National Aquatic Championships and Olympic Trials on April 15 , 2016 at the Kings Park Aquatic Center pool in Durban, South Africa. Photo Credit \/ Anesh Debiky\/Swim SA\" width=\"700\" height=\"500\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-195665\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Courtesy: Anesh Debiky\/Swimming South Africa<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Butterfly evolved from an effort to swim faster breaststroke. No single person is credited with the formation of the stroke. Rather, it is attributed to multiple people, all of whom tried to use above-the-water recovery while swimming breaststroke. Officially, the International Swimming Hall of Fame recognizes <a href=\"https:\/\/ishof.org\/the-cavill-family--(aus).html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Sydney Cavill<\/strong><\/a> of Australia as the original creator of the stroke.<\/p>\n<h3>Butterfly Then<\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_322154\" style=\"width: 710px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-322154\" data-attachment-id=\"322154\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/news\/100-breaststroke\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/vmrw8k5h.tinifycdn.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/100-breaststroke-2018-us-nationals-6040.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2000,1500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;4.5&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Peter H. Bick&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;E-M1MarkII&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;100-breaststroke-&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1532814984&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;Peter H. Bick&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;97&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;500&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.000625&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;100-breaststroke-&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"100-breaststroke-2018-us-nationals 6040\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;100-breaststroke- 100 Breaststroke, 2018, Irvine CA, Nationals, USA Swimming&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Photo Courtesy: Peter H. Bick&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/vmrw8k5h.tinifycdn.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/100-breaststroke-2018-us-nationals-6040-700x500.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/vmrw8k5h.tinifycdn.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/100-breaststroke-2018-us-nationals-6040-1024x768.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-322154\" src=\"https:\/\/vmrw8k5h.tinifycdn.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/100-breaststroke-2018-us-nationals-6040-700x500.jpg\" alt=\"100-breaststroke-\" width=\"700\" height=\"500\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-322154\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Courtesy: Peter H. Bick<\/p><\/div>\n<p>In late 1933, <strong>Henry Myers<\/strong> swam a version of the breaststroke-butterfly at the Brooklyn Central YMCA. <strong>David Armbruster<\/strong>, who was the swimming coach at the University of Iowa, formulated a method to bring the arms forward out of the water while swimming breaststroke in 1934. In 1935, a swimmer from the University of Iowa (a student of Armbruster), <strong>Jack Sieg<\/strong>, developed a kicking technique that is an earlier version of today\u2019s dolphin kick. Together, Armbruster and Sieg discovered that the combination of the kick and arm stroke, you have a faster and more streamlined stroke.<\/p>\n<p>By another account, physicist <strong>Volney C.<\/strong> Wilson is credited with an early form of the butterfly kick. In <strong>Richard Rhodes<\/strong>\u2019 book <em>The Making of the Atom Bomb<\/em>, Wilson &#8211; who was a part of the Manhattan Project &#8211; is described as closely examining how fish swam. Mimicking this undulating motion, he used this new kick along with the breaststroke pull at the 1938 Olympic Trials. However, he was disqualified, as this particular mixture of breaststroke and butterfly was not legal per FINA regulations.<\/p>\n<p>In 1952, FINA decided to split the breaststroke and butterfly into autonomous strokes. The formal butterfly events were first contested at the 1956 Olympic Games in Melbourne.<\/p>\n<h3>Modern Butterfly<\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_267174\" style=\"width: 710px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-267174\" data-attachment-id=\"267174\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/news\/samuel-drew-butterfly-empire-2017-lincoln-sectionals-3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/vmrw8k5h.tinifycdn.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/samuel-drew-butterfly-empire-2017-lincoln-sectionals-3.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1200,800\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;6.3&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;ILCE-6000&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1390962225&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;210&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;500&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.00025&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"samuel-drew-butterfly-empire-2017-lincoln-sectionals 3\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;8\/4\/18&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Photo Courtesy: Aidan Cho&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/vmrw8k5h.tinifycdn.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/samuel-drew-butterfly-empire-2017-lincoln-sectionals-3-700x500.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/vmrw8k5h.tinifycdn.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/samuel-drew-butterfly-empire-2017-lincoln-sectionals-3-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-267174\" src=\"https:\/\/vmrw8k5h.tinifycdn.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/samuel-drew-butterfly-empire-2017-lincoln-sectionals-3-700x500.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"500\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-267174\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Courtesy: Aidan Cho<\/p><\/div>\n<p>While he was not the first to use the mixed butterfly-breaststroke, <a href=\"https:\/\/ishof.org\/jiro-nagasawa-(jpn).html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Jiro Nagasawa<\/strong><\/a> of Japan is credited with the modern butterfly stroke. Nagasawa\u2019s story is unique. At the 1952 Helsinki Olympics, he finished sixth in the 200 breast due to arthritis in both his knees. Because of this struggle with arthritis, he changed his breaststroke kick to the dolphin kick, which was far more powerful. By 1956, Nagasawa had set five world records in the 200m and 220y butterfly. He is also credited with introducing this stroke to Japan and Asia.<\/p>\n<h3>The IMplications<\/h3>\n<p>Before butterfly became a FINA-ratified stroke, IM races had just three strokes and were only three or six pool lengths. At the time, the race was known as \u201cthree-stroke medley\u201d. In the 1950s, the butterfly leg was added to the IM, thus changing the events to the modern 200 and 400 IM races.<\/p>\n<p>When FINA first included the stroke, the men swam the 200 butterfly while the women swam the 100 butterfly.\u00a0Today, both men and women swim the 50, 100 and 200 butterfly at meets across the world.<\/p>\n<p>Did you learn something new? Tag a butterflyer in the comments!<\/p>\n<p><em>-All commentaries are the opinion of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Swimming World Magazine nor its staff.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Proteeti Sinha, Swimming World College Intern. Some swimmers say that if the worst pain you&#8217;ve ever experienced is a broken heart, then you haven&#8217;t swum a 200 fly. The<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7375,"featured_media":131372,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"dois","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[17],"tags":[29993,8823,61423,87385,61424,61426,6302,81204,61428,61422],"class_list":["post-372244","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-commentary","tag-butterfly","tag-butterfly-stroke","tag-david-armbruster","tag-evolution","tag-jack-sieg","tag-jiro-nagasawa","tag-michael-phelps","tag-proteeti-sinha","tag-sydney-cavill","tag-volney-wilson"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\r\n<title>The History of Butterfly: Then and Now - Swimming World<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The history of butterfly stroke involves three seemingly unrelated things: a fish, the Manhattan Project and arthritis. 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