﻿{"id":338165,"date":"2018-11-18T10:40:29","date_gmt":"2018-11-18T17:40:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/news\/?p=338165"},"modified":"2018-11-18T19:20:38","modified_gmt":"2018-11-19T02:20:38","slug":"the-truth-about-hyperventilation-and-why-you-shouldnt-do-it","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/news\/the-truth-about-hyperventilation-and-why-you-shouldnt-do-it\/","title":{"rendered":"The Truth About Hyperventilation and Why You Shouldn\u2019t Do It"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>By Jane Ehret, Medical Student, St. George\u2019s University, Class of 2020.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>A recent fad to hit the swimming community is more dangerous than one would think. Over the past few years, it has become increasingly popular to hyperventilate immediately before racing in an effort to improve cardiovascular performance. The reasoning behind such practice is futile, while the potential consequences, lethal.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHypoxic blackout\u201d refers to a sudden loss of consciousness often resulting in the drowning of even the most skilled swimmers. Such incidents of drowning have nothing to do with one\u2019s ability to swim, but everything to do with basic human physiology.<\/p>\n<p>As swimmers, we\u2019re always looking for ways to combat the \u201clactic acid\u201d that inevitably builds up as we race. Have you noticed how your breathing rate increases as your lactate levels rise halfway through that 200 fly? This respiratory reflex is your body\u2019s natural response to elevated lactic acid in the blood.<\/p>\n<p>Just like the chlorinated pool water we swim in, the pH of our blood needs to be in a specific range for everything to work properly. The body is programmed to maintain a homeostatic pH of around 7.4, with lower pH\u2019s being acidosis and higher pH\u2019s being alkalosis. The primary way our body regulates pH is through respiration. Inhale oxygen, exhale carbon dioxide. So the faster you breathe, the more CO<sub>2<\/sub> you \u201cblow off.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Think of CO<sub>2<\/sub> as an acid: the faster you breathe, the more CO<sub>2<\/sub> you lose, and the less acid is in your blood, meaning the pH is higher. This is called respiratory alkalosis (an elevated blood pH due to rapid breathing). The proposed rationale behind hyperventilating is that you transiently establish a state of respiratory alkalosis before diving in. This is incorrectly presumed to delay the onset of lactic acidosis and improve performance. However, human physiology is much more complex than that.<\/p>\n<p><strong>HERE IS WHERE THE MISUNDERSTANDING IS:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The medulla oblongata is the respiratory control center in the brain. Sensors throughout the body constantly detect the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide, and respond appropriately. What most people do not know is that carbon dioxide, NOT oxygen, is the main stimulator for respiration. In fact, oxygen has very little effect on the respiratory drive. This is why your breathing rate increases as the lactic acid builds up in your blood. Your body is compensating for the acidosis by expelling CO<sub>2<\/sub>, an attempt to return the pH back to normal.<\/p>\n<p>Because the medulla oblongata relies primarily on carbon dioxide to stimulate diaphragmatic contractions for inspiration, lack of carbon dioxide\u2014which occurs with hyperventilation\u2014eliminates the stimulus to breathe at all. This is particularly dangerous when combined with increased oxygen demand during strenuous activity.<\/p>\n<p>Having a reduced respiratory drive and an increased need for oxygen is a recipe for disaster, ultimately resulting in loss of consciousness. One can extrapolate how such conditions are particularly dangerous for swimmers, as a sudden loss of consciousness can quickly lead to drowning, otherwise known as hypoxic blackout.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u2014 Click <a href=\"https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/news\/?s=shallow+water+blackout\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Here<\/a> to Learn More About Hypoxic Blackout.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Jane Ehret, Medical Student, St. George\u2019s University, Class of 2020. A recent fad to hit the swimming community is more dangerous than one would think. Over the past few<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3915,"featured_media":191641,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"dois","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[3,1],"tags":[54721],"class_list":["post-338165","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-featured","category-uncategorized","tag-hyperventilation"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.3 (Yoast SEO v24.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\r\n<title>The Truth About Hyperventilation and Why You Shouldn\u2019t Do It - 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