{"id":289276,"date":"2017-12-19T07:00:45","date_gmt":"2017-12-19T14:00:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/news\/?p=289276"},"modified":"2017-12-20T07:41:12","modified_gmt":"2017-12-20T14:41:12","slug":"transgender-swimmers-the-rules-for-inclusion-and-fairness","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.swimmingworldmagazine.com\/news\/transgender-swimmers-the-rules-for-inclusion-and-fairness\/","title":{"rendered":"Transgender Swimmers: The Rules for Inclusion and Fairness"},"content":{"rendered":"

By David Rieder.<\/em><\/p>\n

In sports, two standards are desired above all else: an even playing field and an equal-opportunity for participation. Seems pretty clear-cut, but maybe not anymore, not with the growing recognition of transgender athletes.<\/p>\n

Transgender people have a gender identity or gender expression that differs from their birth sex. In other words, their biology at birth does not match how the person presents themselves to the world, and in some cases transgender individuals undergo medical procedures so that they better match their expressed gender.<\/p>\n

Over the past several years, society has begun to accept transgender\u00a0individuals, even if discrimination\u00a0is unfortunately still common. But just as one\u2019s sexual orientation does not affect their ability to function in society, neither does one\u2019s gender expression.<\/p>\n

But in most sports, swimming included, competition is divided straight down the middle\u2014female and male. That setup came from a time when gender was considered binary. What now?<\/p>\n

For USA Swimming, the answer so far has been inclusion. The organization has posted recommended guidelines encouraging clubs to allow transgender swimmers to compete in the events of the gender they prefer.<\/p>\n

\"underwater-dive-orange-bowl-classic-2017

Photo Courtesy: Stephen Frink\/Florida Keys News Bureau<\/p><\/div>\n

That protocol, designed specifically for minors, differs from both the NCAA and the International Olympic Committee, which sets standards for which gender events transgender athletes may compete in. All of those policies operate under one assumption: that male hormones lend a competitive advantage.<\/p>\n

Transgender males\u2014i.e., females at birth who are transitioning or have transitioned to male\u2014may compete as either a female or a male, but if the individual begins taking hormones (i.e., testosterone), participation is limited to male events only.<\/p>\n

But transgender females, the thinking goes, could have an advantage competing in women\u2019s events. Hence, the NCAA and IOC require that anyone who wants to compete in a women\u2019s event must have hormone levels below a certain threshold. So in order for a transgender female to compete in a women\u2019s event, she must have received significant medical treatment.<\/p>\n

In IOC competition, transgender females must demonstrate that their testosterone levels have been below a certain point for a full year in order to compete as a female. In the NCAA, one year of female hormone therapy is considered sufficient for a transgender woman to compete on a women\u2019s team.<\/p>\n

\u201cResearch suggests that androgen deprivation and cross sex hormone treatment in male-to-female transsexuals reduces muscle mass,\u201d writes Dr. Eric Vilain<\/strong> of Gender-Based Biology and Chief Medical Genetics Department of Pediatrics at UCLA in the NCAA\u2019s Transgender Inclusion Handbook<\/a>. \u201cAccordingly, one year of hormone therapy is an appropriate transitional time before a male-to-female student-athlete competes on a women\u2019s team.\u201d<\/p>\n

But USA Swimming has not imposed that sort of restriction, and the organization tries to allow transgender athletes their choice to compete as a male or a female, regardless of sex at birth or what hormones they have taken.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe current approach that we\u2019ve taken is to not require athletes who identify as transgender\u2014and specifically transgender females\u2014to show this hormone or testosterone threshold,\u201d said Susan Woessner, USA Swimming\u2019s Director of Safe Sport, \u201cWe just felt like we haven\u2019t been in the position or had the expertise to require a minor who can\u2019t legally consent to undergo medical treatment.\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

There\u2019s no clear precedent for determining where a minor transgender female should be allowed to compete, Woessner explained. There would be no competitive advantage for a transgender female prior to puberty, and there\u2019s no way to determine when an individual will go through puberty.<\/p>\n

Still, USA Swimming does not consider the matter solved.<\/p>\n

\"Jul

Photo Courtesy: Erich Schlegel\/USA TODAY Sports<\/p><\/div>\n

\u201cIn September, at the USA Swimming Board of Directors meeting, the board commissioned a task force of experts in the field and swimming people to examine this issue, particularly the competitive issue,\u201d Woessner explained. \u201cTheir No. 1 question is, \u2018How do we be inclusive and also be fair?\u2019 So that\u2019s an ongoing effort right now.\u201d<\/p>\n

And then there\u2019s the issue of suits\u2014what should transgender athletes wear in competition? For the past eight years, the issue of what is allowed has been definitive: men can wear suits that stretch from their hips to their knees, and women\u2019s suits from shoulders to knees.<\/p>\n

How about transgender swimmers, though? Say, for instance, that a transgender male still has developed breasts but wants to compete in a men\u2019s event?<\/p>\n

\u201cUSA Swimming rules also allow for a swimsuit waiver, and waivers can be provided for a number of reasons\u2014medical, religious or faith-based in terms of modesty of coverage and then transgender identity is also included in reasons you might be granted a swimsuit waiver,\u201d Woessner said.<\/p>\n

In the aforementioned case of a transitioning transgender male, it would be expected that a swimmer applies for and receives a swimsuit waiver to comply with USA Swimming\u2019s decency rule, which requires coverage of all private parts.<\/p>\n

\u201cIf you have developed breasts, whether those are on a female body or a transgender male body, they need to be covered to be in compliance with those rules,\u201d Woessner said, explaining that transgender males would require \u201cmedical or surgical intervention\u201d to otherwise comply with the decency rule.<\/p>\n

With transgender still a relatively new concept in mainstream discourse, some of these policies could surely change over the next several years in an effort to provide a better balance between inclusiveness and competitive fairness. But it\u2019s the widespread effort to be inclusive that Woessner finds most heartwarming.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe\u2019ve had questions over the past four or five years on this, and I\u2019m very proud to tell you that the questions we\u2019ve gotten, whether they\u2019re from families or from coaches or from clubs, are like, \u2018I have this kiddo. How do we be inclusive?\u2019\u201d she said. \u201cIt\u2019s been really wonderful to see clubs figure out how to be inclusive of all kids.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By David Rieder. In sports, two standards are desired above all else: an even playing field and an equal-opportunity for participation. 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